9th Mar, 2023 13:00

TWO-DAY AUCTION - Fine Chinese Art / 中國藝術集珍 / Buddhism & Hinduism

 
  Lot 180
 

180

A GILT BRONZE FIGURE OF THE THIRD CHANGKYA HUTUKTU, ROLPAI DORJE (1717-1786)
銅鎏金第三世章嘉呼圖克圖若必多吉(1717-1786)

Sold for €7,800

including Buyer's Premium


Lot details

Tibetan-Chinese, Qianlong period, c. 1750-1770. Heavily cast and finely gilt, seated in dhyanasana atop a double-cushion base with neatly incised foliate designs, the blanket with lotus roundels to the sides, his legs shrouded by his voluminous monastic robes with incised foliate hems. He is wearing a broad miter headdress and holding a vajra in his raised right hand, while his left is held in karana mudra and resting on his lap. His serene face with finely painted details such as heavy-lidded eyes, arched brows, and full lips, and further with subtle bumps to the forehead and right cheek.

Provenance: From the collection of Inger Lissanevitch, and thence by descent. Inger Lissanevitch (née Pheiffer, 1928-2013) was the wife of Boris Lissanevitch, a Russian ballet dancer, hotelier, and restaurateur who opened Nepal’s first hotel, The Royal Hotel, in 1951. The Danish Inger met Boris at his 300 Club in Kolkata in the late 1940s. They were married in Copenhagen in December 1948 and returned immediately to India. In 1951, they relocated to Kathmandu following the downfall of the Rana regime and the return from exile of their friend, King Tribhuvan (1906-1955). Boris opened The Royal Hotel in what is now the Election Commission offices in central Kathmandu. He persuaded Tribhuvan to issue the first tourist visas to Nepal and played host to a range of famous mountaineers and dignitaries and even orchestrated the state visit of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip to Nepal in 1961. Inger played an important role in the day-to-day running of the family and hotel: that of Boris’ long-suffering accountant. “He was a terrible businessman,” she once remarked in an interview, “he didn’t think about money at all, so that was left to me.” Her affection for her husband was impossible to dispute, however, and was rivaled only by that which she felt for her beloved Kathmandu. After Boris’ passing in 1985, Inger continued to live in Nepal for the rest of her life.
Condition: Very good condition with expected old wear, the lotus inserts at the shoulders lost, minuscule nicks, light surface scratches, minor rubbing to gilt, the seal plate possibly a later replacement. Fine, naturally grown, smooth patina, showing signs of extensive worship and caress. The interior with sacred contents, probably original to the statue.

Weight: 1,536 g
Dimensions: Height 17.2 cm

The present bronze was commissioned to honor the most important Tibetan lama at the 18th-century Qing court, the Third Changkya Hutuktu, Rolpai Dorje (1717-1786). The identification is facilitated by the distinctive congenital bump on his lower right cheek. Meanwhile, the bronze is also comprised of the same hat and iconography that typify his sculptures. By each of his arms is a lotus holder that would have supported two separately cast lotus stems, with a sword emerging from the flower on his right side, and a book on his left. This iconographic arrangement arises from his being considered a manifestation of Manjushri.

The Changkya Hutuktu is a Gelug incarnate lineage with its seat at Changkya in Kham, Eastern Tibet. ‘Hutuktu’ is a Mongolian word meaning ‘spiritual master’. At an early age, Rolpai Dorje was recognized as the reincarnation of Ngawang Losang Choden (1642-1714), the previous Changkya Hutuktu and spiritual adviser of the Kangxi Emperor. Raised and educated in the imperial court of the Yongzheng Emperor, Rolpai Dorje grew up with prince Hongli who later became the Qianlong Emperor. A trusted advisor of the Emperor, and fluent in Tibetan, Manchu, Chinese, and Mongolian, Rolpai Dorje played a crucial role in the relations between Tibet, China, and Mongolia, and influenced the policies of all three countries.

Also remembered as a prominent scholar and translator, Rolpai Dorje organized the translation of the entire Tripitaka into Mongolian, Chinese, and Manchu. He was also involved in the artistic projects of the imperial workshops, and the design of monasteries and temples created during the Qianlong reign. Furthermore, he oversaw the cataloging of the palace collection of Buddhist bronzes and paintings. To commemorate his death, the Emperor built a massive funerary temple at Mount Wutai, a sacred Buddhist site located in Shanxi province, China.

Literature comparison:
Compare a related bronze in the Capital Museum, Beijing, published in Gems of Beijing Cultural Relics Series: Buddhist Statues (I), Beijing, 1999, p. 202, no. 169.

Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Sotheby’s New York, 22 September 2020, lot 339
Estimate: USD 30,000 or approx. EUR 32,200 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A Gilt Copper Alloy Figure of Changkya Rolpai Dorje, Tibet, 18th Century
Expert remark: Compare the related pose, robe, base, and incised details. Note the similar size (16.2 cm).

Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Bonhams Hong Kong, 29 November 2016, lot 137
Estimate: HKD 300,000 or approx. EUR 44,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A Gilt Copper Alloy Figure of the Third Changkya Hutuktu, Rolpai Dorje (1717-1786)
Expert remark: Compare the related pose, robe, base, and incised details. Note the slightly larger size (21 cm).



銅鎏金第三世章嘉呼圖克圖若必多吉(1717-1786)
漢藏,乾隆時期,約1750-1770年。此件造像為第三世章嘉國師—若必多吉,國師頭戴班智達帽,彎眉細目,鼻若懸膽,小嘴微抿,神情祥和,刻畫的栩栩如生。身上著坎肩僧裙,袈裟,僧裙的衣褶邊及袈裟各處皆飾陰刻花紋,衣紋自然流暢。其右手當胸持金剛杵,左手置於腿部掌心向上。整像鎏金,工藝精美寫實。

來源:Inger Lissanevitch收藏,保存至今。Inger Lissanevitch (née Pheiffer,1928-2013年) Boris Lissanevitch的妻子,一位俄羅斯芭蕾舞演員、酒店經營者和餐館老闆,他於 1951 年開設了尼泊爾的第一家皇家酒店。丹麥人Inger於 1940 年代末在加爾各答的 300 俱樂部認識了鮑里斯Boris。他們於 1948 年 12 月在哥本哈根結婚,並立即返回印度。 1951 年,隨著拉納政權垮台以及他們的朋友Tribhuvan國王(1906-1955 年)流放歸來,他們搬到了加德滿都。 Boris 在加德滿都市中心的選舉委員會辦公室開設了皇家酒店 (The Royal Hotel)。 他說服Tribhuvan簽發了第一個前往尼泊爾的旅遊簽證,接待了一系列著名的登山家和政要,甚至在 1961 年策劃了伊麗莎白女王和菲利普親王對尼泊爾的國事訪問。Inger在日常工作中發揮了重要作用- 家庭和旅館的日常經營,因爲Boris長期受會計方面的折磨。“他是一個糟糕的商人,”她曾在一次採訪中評論道,“他根本不考慮錢,所以這就交給我了。”然而,她對丈夫的感情是無可爭辯的,只有她對心愛的加德滿都的感情才能與之媲美。Boris於 1985 年去世後,Inger繼續在尼泊爾度過餘生。
品相:狀況極好,有磨損,肩部的蓮花鑲嵌物丟失,微小的刻痕,表面輕微的劃痕,鎏金輕微摩擦,密封板可能是後來更換的。包漿細膩,顯示出受過崇拜和愛撫的跡象。內部有填充物,可能是原件。

重量:1,536 克
尺寸:高 17.2 厘米

章嘉呼圖克圖是格魯派的轉世靈童,其法座在藏東康區的章嘉。“呼圖克圖”是蒙古語,意為“精神導師”。早年,若拜多傑被認定為阿旺洛桑確登(1642-1714)的轉世,阿旺洛桑確登是前任章嘉呼圖克圖和康熙皇帝的精神顧問。若必多吉在雍正皇帝的宮廷中長大並接受教育,與後來成為乾隆皇帝的弘曆一起長大。作為皇帝信任的顧問,精通藏語、滿語、漢語和蒙古語的若必多吉在西藏、中國和蒙古之間的關係中發揮了至關重要的作用,並影響了這三個國家的政策。

作為著名的學者和翻譯家,若必多吉組織將整部大藏經翻譯成蒙古文、中文和滿文的工作。他還參與了皇家工坊的藝術項目,以及乾隆年間創建的寺院和寺廟的設計。此外,他還負責對宮廷青銅器和繪畫藏品進行編目。 為了紀念他的去世,皇帝在位於中國山西省的佛教聖地五台山建造了一座巨大的寺廟。

文獻比較:
比較一件相近的銅像,收藏於首都博物館,出版於《北京文物精粹大系. 佛造像卷(一)》,北京,1999年,頁202,編號 169。

拍賣結果比較:
形制:非常相近
拍賣:紐約蘇富比,2020年9月22日,lot 339
估價:USD 30,000(相當於今日EUR 32,200
描述:十八世紀西藏鎏金若必多吉銅合金像
專家評論:比較相近的姿勢、長袍、底座和鑄造細節。請注意尺寸(16.2 厘米)相似。

拍賣結果比較:
形制:非常相近
拍賣:香港邦瀚斯,2016年11月29日,lot 137
估價:HKD 300,000(相當於今日EUR 44,500
描述:十八世紀銅鎏金三世章嘉呼圖克圖若必多吉(1717-1786)像
專家評論:比較相近的姿勢、長袍、底座和鑄造細節。請注意尺寸(21 厘米)稍大。

 

Tibetan-Chinese, Qianlong period, c. 1750-1770. Heavily cast and finely gilt, seated in dhyanasana atop a double-cushion base with neatly incised foliate designs, the blanket with lotus roundels to the sides, his legs shrouded by his voluminous monastic robes with incised foliate hems. He is wearing a broad miter headdress and holding a vajra in his raised right hand, while his left is held in karana mudra and resting on his lap. His serene face with finely painted details such as heavy-lidded eyes, arched brows, and full lips, and further with subtle bumps to the forehead and right cheek.

Provenance: From the collection of Inger Lissanevitch, and thence by descent. Inger Lissanevitch (née Pheiffer, 1928-2013) was the wife of Boris Lissanevitch, a Russian ballet dancer, hotelier, and restaurateur who opened Nepal’s first hotel, The Royal Hotel, in 1951. The Danish Inger met Boris at his 300 Club in Kolkata in the late 1940s. They were married in Copenhagen in December 1948 and returned immediately to India. In 1951, they relocated to Kathmandu following the downfall of the Rana regime and the return from exile of their friend, King Tribhuvan (1906-1955). Boris opened The Royal Hotel in what is now the Election Commission offices in central Kathmandu. He persuaded Tribhuvan to issue the first tourist visas to Nepal and played host to a range of famous mountaineers and dignitaries and even orchestrated the state visit of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip to Nepal in 1961. Inger played an important role in the day-to-day running of the family and hotel: that of Boris’ long-suffering accountant. “He was a terrible businessman,” she once remarked in an interview, “he didn’t think about money at all, so that was left to me.” Her affection for her husband was impossible to dispute, however, and was rivaled only by that which she felt for her beloved Kathmandu. After Boris’ passing in 1985, Inger continued to live in Nepal for the rest of her life.
Condition: Very good condition with expected old wear, the lotus inserts at the shoulders lost, minuscule nicks, light surface scratches, minor rubbing to gilt, the seal plate possibly a later replacement. Fine, naturally grown, smooth patina, showing signs of extensive worship and caress. The interior with sacred contents, probably original to the statue.

Weight: 1,536 g
Dimensions: Height 17.2 cm

The present bronze was commissioned to honor the most important Tibetan lama at the 18th-century Qing court, the Third Changkya Hutuktu, Rolpai Dorje (1717-1786). The identification is facilitated by the distinctive congenital bump on his lower right cheek. Meanwhile, the bronze is also comprised of the same hat and iconography that typify his sculptures. By each of his arms is a lotus holder that would have supported two separately cast lotus stems, with a sword emerging from the flower on his right side, and a book on his left. This iconographic arrangement arises from his being considered a manifestation of Manjushri.

The Changkya Hutuktu is a Gelug incarnate lineage with its seat at Changkya in Kham, Eastern Tibet. ‘Hutuktu’ is a Mongolian word meaning ‘spiritual master’. At an early age, Rolpai Dorje was recognized as the reincarnation of Ngawang Losang Choden (1642-1714), the previous Changkya Hutuktu and spiritual adviser of the Kangxi Emperor. Raised and educated in the imperial court of the Yongzheng Emperor, Rolpai Dorje grew up with prince Hongli who later became the Qianlong Emperor. A trusted advisor of the Emperor, and fluent in Tibetan, Manchu, Chinese, and Mongolian, Rolpai Dorje played a crucial role in the relations between Tibet, China, and Mongolia, and influenced the policies of all three countries.

Also remembered as a prominent scholar and translator, Rolpai Dorje organized the translation of the entire Tripitaka into Mongolian, Chinese, and Manchu. He was also involved in the artistic projects of the imperial workshops, and the design of monasteries and temples created during the Qianlong reign. Furthermore, he oversaw the cataloging of the palace collection of Buddhist bronzes and paintings. To commemorate his death, the Emperor built a massive funerary temple at Mount Wutai, a sacred Buddhist site located in Shanxi province, China.

Literature comparison:
Compare a related bronze in the Capital Museum, Beijing, published in Gems of Beijing Cultural Relics Series: Buddhist Statues (I), Beijing, 1999, p. 202, no. 169.

Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Sotheby’s New York, 22 September 2020, lot 339
Estimate: USD 30,000 or approx. EUR 32,200 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A Gilt Copper Alloy Figure of Changkya Rolpai Dorje, Tibet, 18th Century
Expert remark: Compare the related pose, robe, base, and incised details. Note the similar size (16.2 cm).

Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Bonhams Hong Kong, 29 November 2016, lot 137
Estimate: HKD 300,000 or approx. EUR 44,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A Gilt Copper Alloy Figure of the Third Changkya Hutuktu, Rolpai Dorje (1717-1786)
Expert remark: Compare the related pose, robe, base, and incised details. Note the slightly larger size (21 cm).



銅鎏金第三世章嘉呼圖克圖若必多吉(1717-1786)
漢藏,乾隆時期,約1750-1770年。此件造像為第三世章嘉國師—若必多吉,國師頭戴班智達帽,彎眉細目,鼻若懸膽,小嘴微抿,神情祥和,刻畫的栩栩如生。身上著坎肩僧裙,袈裟,僧裙的衣褶邊及袈裟各處皆飾陰刻花紋,衣紋自然流暢。其右手當胸持金剛杵,左手置於腿部掌心向上。整像鎏金,工藝精美寫實。

來源:Inger Lissanevitch收藏,保存至今。Inger Lissanevitch (née Pheiffer,1928-2013年) Boris Lissanevitch的妻子,一位俄羅斯芭蕾舞演員、酒店經營者和餐館老闆,他於 1951 年開設了尼泊爾的第一家皇家酒店。丹麥人Inger於 1940 年代末在加爾各答的 300 俱樂部認識了鮑里斯Boris。他們於 1948 年 12 月在哥本哈根結婚,並立即返回印度。 1951 年,隨著拉納政權垮台以及他們的朋友Tribhuvan國王(1906-1955 年)流放歸來,他們搬到了加德滿都。 Boris 在加德滿都市中心的選舉委員會辦公室開設了皇家酒店 (The Royal Hotel)。 他說服Tribhuvan簽發了第一個前往尼泊爾的旅遊簽證,接待了一系列著名的登山家和政要,甚至在 1961 年策劃了伊麗莎白女王和菲利普親王對尼泊爾的國事訪問。Inger在日常工作中發揮了重要作用- 家庭和旅館的日常經營,因爲Boris長期受會計方面的折磨。“他是一個糟糕的商人,”她曾在一次採訪中評論道,“他根本不考慮錢,所以這就交給我了。”然而,她對丈夫的感情是無可爭辯的,只有她對心愛的加德滿都的感情才能與之媲美。Boris於 1985 年去世後,Inger繼續在尼泊爾度過餘生。
品相:狀況極好,有磨損,肩部的蓮花鑲嵌物丟失,微小的刻痕,表面輕微的劃痕,鎏金輕微摩擦,密封板可能是後來更換的。包漿細膩,顯示出受過崇拜和愛撫的跡象。內部有填充物,可能是原件。

重量:1,536 克
尺寸:高 17.2 厘米

章嘉呼圖克圖是格魯派的轉世靈童,其法座在藏東康區的章嘉。“呼圖克圖”是蒙古語,意為“精神導師”。早年,若拜多傑被認定為阿旺洛桑確登(1642-1714)的轉世,阿旺洛桑確登是前任章嘉呼圖克圖和康熙皇帝的精神顧問。若必多吉在雍正皇帝的宮廷中長大並接受教育,與後來成為乾隆皇帝的弘曆一起長大。作為皇帝信任的顧問,精通藏語、滿語、漢語和蒙古語的若必多吉在西藏、中國和蒙古之間的關係中發揮了至關重要的作用,並影響了這三個國家的政策。

作為著名的學者和翻譯家,若必多吉組織將整部大藏經翻譯成蒙古文、中文和滿文的工作。他還參與了皇家工坊的藝術項目,以及乾隆年間創建的寺院和寺廟的設計。此外,他還負責對宮廷青銅器和繪畫藏品進行編目。 為了紀念他的去世,皇帝在位於中國山西省的佛教聖地五台山建造了一座巨大的寺廟。

文獻比較:
比較一件相近的銅像,收藏於首都博物館,出版於《北京文物精粹大系. 佛造像卷(一)》,北京,1999年,頁202,編號 169。

拍賣結果比較:
形制:非常相近
拍賣:紐約蘇富比,2020年9月22日,lot 339
估價:USD 30,000(相當於今日EUR 32,200
描述:十八世紀西藏鎏金若必多吉銅合金像
專家評論:比較相近的姿勢、長袍、底座和鑄造細節。請注意尺寸(16.2 厘米)相似。

拍賣結果比較:
形制:非常相近
拍賣:香港邦瀚斯,2016年11月29日,lot 137
估價:HKD 300,000(相當於今日EUR 44,500
描述:十八世紀銅鎏金三世章嘉呼圖克圖若必多吉(1717-1786)像
專家評論:比較相近的姿勢、長袍、底座和鑄造細節。請注意尺寸(21 厘米)稍大。

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